Garvey, Marcus

Jamaican-born black nationalist who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association in the 1920s to encourage self-help among blacks. Opposed to colonialism , Garvey advocated black separatism and nationalism . The Black Star shipping line, which facilitated emigration of American blacks to Africa , was among his projects. He was eventually jailed for mail fraud and deported to Jamaica by the U.S. government, which feared his influence in the black community. ( See also W. E. B. DuBois .)