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plaque

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plaque

[plak]
–noun
1. a thin, flat plate or tablet of metal, porcelain, etc., intended for ornament, as on a wall, or set in a piece of furniture.
2. an inscribed commemorative tablet, usually of metal placed on a building, monument, or the like.
3. a platelike brooch or ornament, esp. one worn as the badge of an honorary order.
4. Anatomy, Pathology. a flat, often raised, patch on the skin or other organ, as on the inner lining of arterial walls in atherosclerosis.
5. Dentistry. a soft, sticky, whitish matlike film attached to tooth surfaces, formed largely by the growth of bacteria that colonize the teeth.
6. Bacteriology. a cleared region in a bacterial culture, resulting from lysis of bacteria by bacteriophages.

Origin:
1840–50; < F, n. deriv. of plaquer to plate < MD placken to patch; cf. placket
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2010.
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plaque   (plāk)   
n.  
  1. A flat plate, slab, or disk that is ornamented or engraved for mounting, as on a wall for decoration or on a monument for information.

  2. A small pin or brooch worn as an ornament or a badge of membership.

    1. Pathology A small disk-shaped formation or growth; a patch.

    2. A deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall, characteristic of atherosclerosis.

    3. A scaly patch formed on the skin by psoriasis.

    4. A film of mucus and bacteria on a tooth surface.

    5. A clear, often round patch of lysed cells in an otherwise opaque layer of a bacteria or cell culture.


[French, from Old French, metal plate, perhaps from Middle Dutch placke, disk, patch.]
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2009 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Cultural Dictionary

plaque [(plak)]

A thin film composed of bacteria, mucus, and food particles that forms on the surfaces of teeth. Plaque contributes to tooth decay and gum disease. Plaque also refers to a combination of cholesterol and lipids that can accumulate on the inside of arteries, causing atherosclerosis.

The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition
Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Word Origin & History

plaque 
1848, "ornamental plate or tablet," from Fr. plaque, from M.Fr., "metal plate, coin," perhaps through Flem. placke "small coin," from M.Du. placke "disk, patch, stain," related to Ger. Placken "spot, patch" (cf. placard). Meaning "deposit on walls of arteries" is first attested 1891; that of "bacteria deposits on teeth" is 1898.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2001 Douglas Harper
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Medical Dictionary

Main Entry: plaque
Variant: also placque /'plak/
Function: noun
1 a : a localized abnormal patch on a body part or surface andespecially on the skin plaque> b : a film of mucus that harbors bacteria on a tooth c : an atherosclerotic lesion d : ahistopathologic lesion of brain tissue that is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and consists of a dense proteinaceous core composed primarily of beta-amyloid that is often surrounded andinfiltrated by a cluster of degenerating axons and dendrites called also senile plaque
2 : a visibly distinct and especially a clear or opaque area in a bacterial cultureproduced by damage to or destruction of cells by a virus
Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, © 2002 Merriam-Webster, Inc.
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plaque (plāk)
n.

  1. A small disk-shaped formation or growth; a patch.

  2. A deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall, characteristic of atherosclerosis.

  3. Dental plaque.

  4. A clear, often round patch of lysed cells in an otherwise opaque layer of a bacteria or cell culture.

  5. A scaly patch formed on the skin by psoriasis.

  6. A sharply defined zone of demyelination characteristic of multiple sclerosis.

The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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Science Dictionary
plaque   (plāk)  Pronunciation Key 
  1. A small disk-shaped formation or growth; a patch.

  2. A film of mucus and bacteria on the surface of the teeth.

  3. A deposit of material in a bodily tissue or organ, especially one of the fatty deposits that collect on the inner lining of an artery wall in atherosclerosis or one of the amyloid deposits that accumulate in the brain in Alzheimer's disease.


The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Copyright © 2002. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.
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