pro·ba·tion

[proh-bey-shuhn]
noun
1.
the act of testing.
2.
the testing or trial of a person's conduct, character, qualifications, or the like.
3.
the state or period of such testing or trial.
4.
Law.
a.
a method of dealing with offenders, especially young persons guilty of minor crimes or first offenses, by allowing them to go at large under supervision of a probation officer.
b.
the state of having been conditionally released.
5.
Education. a trial period or condition of students in certain educational institutions who are being permitted to redeem failures, misconduct, etc.
6.
the testing or trial of a candidate for membership in a religious body or order, for holy orders, etc.
7.
Archaic. proof.

Origin:
1375–1425; late Middle English probacion < Latin probātiōn- (stem of probātiō). See probate, -ion

pro·ba·tion·al, pro·ba·tion·ar·y [proh-bey-shuh-ner-ee] , adjective
pro·ba·tion·ship, noun
non·pro·ba·tion, noun
un·pro·ba·tion·al, adjective
un·pro·ba·tion·ar·y, adjective
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2013.
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Collins
World English Dictionary
probation (prəˈbeɪʃən) [Click for IPA pronunciation guide]
 
n
1.  a system of dealing with offenders by placing them under the supervision of a probation officer
2.  on probation
 a.  under the supervision of a probation officer
 b.  undergoing a test period
3.  a trial period, as for a teacher, religious novitiate, etc
4.  the act of proving or testing
5.  a period during which a new employee may have his employment terminated on the grounds of unsuitability
 
pro'bational
 
adj
 
pro'bationary
 
adj
 
pro'bationally
 
adv

Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
2009 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009
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Etymonline
Word Origin & History

probation
early 15c., "trial, experiment, test," from O.Fr. probacion (14c.), from L. probationem (nom. probatio) "inspection, examination," noun of action from probare "to test" (see prove). Meaning "testing of a person's conduct" is from early 15c.; theological sense first recorded
1520s; criminal justice sense is first recorded in U.S. c.1878.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
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Example sentences
The real probation period for these adjustments will be after the cancellation
  of financing from well-known superpower.
Had he been charged with misdemeanors, he would likely have faced probation or
  house arrest.
Two years later it gave the probation board more money to improve supervision
  and treatment programmes.
Probation need not be limited to the length of the original sentence.
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