Word Origin & History
stem"to hold back," c.1300, from O.N. stemma "to stop," from P.Gmc. *stamjan (cf. Swed. stämma, O.S. stemmian, M.Du. stemon, Ger. stemmen "stop, resist, oppose"), from PIE base *stem- "to strike against something" (cf. Lith. stumiu "thrust, push"). Phrase to stem the tide is lit. "to hold back the
EXPAND tide," but often is confused with stem (v.) in sense of "to make headway against, head in a certain course" (late 14c.), which is from
stem (n.)).
COLLAPSE