that which forms a basic matter of thought, discussion, investigation, etc.: a subject of conversation.
2.
a branch of knowledge as a course of study: He studied four subjects in his first year at college.
3.
a motive, cause, or ground: a subject for complaint.
4.
the theme of a sermon, book, story, etc.
5.
the principal melodic motif or phrase in a musical composition, esp. in a fugue.
6.
an object, scene, incident, etc., chosen by an artist for representation, or as represented in art.
7.
a person who is under the dominion or rule of a sovereign.
8.
a person who owes allegiance to a government and lives under its protection: four subjects of Sweden.
9.
Grammar. (in English and many other languages) a syntactic unit that functions as one of the two main constituents of a simple sentence, the other being the predicate, and that consists of a noun, noun phrase, or noun substitute which often refers to the one performing the action or being in the state expressed by the predicate, as He in He gave notice.
10.
a person or thing that undergoes or may undergo some action: As a dissenter, he found himself the subject of the group's animosity.
11.
a person or thing under the control or influence of another.
12.
a person as an object of medical, surgical, or psychological treatment or experiment.
13.
a cadaver used for dissection.
14.
Logic. that term of a proposition concerning which the predicate is affirmed or denied.
15.
Philosophy.
a.
that which thinks, feels, perceives, intends, etc., as contrasted with the objects of thought, feeling, etc.
b.
the self or ego.
16.
Metaphysics. that in which qualities or attributes inhere; substance.
–adjective
17.
being under domination, control, or influence (often fol. by to).
18.
being under dominion, rule, or authority, as of a sovereign, state, or some governing power; owing allegiance or obedience (often fol. by to).
19.
open or exposed (usually fol. by to): subject to ridicule.
20.
being dependent or conditional upon something (usually fol. by to): His consent is subject to your approval.
21.
being under the necessity of undergoing something (usually fol. by to): All beings are subject to death.
22.
liable; prone (usually fol. by to): subject to headaches.
–verb (used with object)
23.
to bring under domination, control, or influence (usually fol. by to).
24.
to bring under dominion, rule, or authority, as of a conqueror or a governing power (usually fol. by to).
25.
to cause to undergo the action of something specified; expose (usually fol. by to): to subject metal to intense heat.
26.
to make liable or vulnerable; lay open; expose (usually fol. by to): to subject oneself to ridicule.
27.
Obsolete. to place beneath something; make subjacent.
[Origin: 1275–1325; (adj.) < L subjectus placed beneath, inferior, open to inspection, orig. ptp. of subicere to throw or place beneath, make subject, equiv. to sub-sub-+ -jec-, comb. form of jacere to throw + -tus ptp. suffix; r. ME suget < OF < L, as above; (n.) < LL subjectum grammatical or dialectical subject, n. use of neut. of subjectus; r. ME suget, as above; (v.) < L subjectāre, freq. of subicere; r. ME suget(t)en < OF sugetter < L, as above]
—Related forms
sub·ject·a·ble, adjective
sub·ject·a·bil·i·ty, noun
sub·ject·ed·ly, adverb
sub·ject·ed·ness, noun
sub·ject·less, adjective
sub·ject·like, adjective
—Synonyms 1, 4.Subject,theme,topic are often interchangeable to express the material being considered in a speech or written composition. Subject is a broad word for whatever is treated in writing, speech, art, etc.: the subject for discussion. Theme and topic are usually narrower and apply to some limited or specific part of a general subject. A theme is often the underlying conception of a discourse or composition, perhaps not put into words but easily recognizable: The theme of a need for reform runs throughout her work. A topic is the statement of what is to be treated in a section of a composition: The topic is treated fully in this section. 3. reason, rationale. 17. subordinate, subservient. 20. contingent.
To expose to something: patients subjected to infection.
To cause to experience: subjected to extreme weather.
To subjugate; subdue.
[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin sūbiectus, from past participle of sūbicere, to subject : sub-, sub- + iacere, to throw; see yē- in Indo-European roots.]
sub·jec'tion (səb-jěk'shən) n.
Synonyms: These nouns denote the principal idea or point of a speech, a piece of writing, or an artistic work. Subject is the most general: "Well, honor is the subject of my story" (Shakespeare).
Matter refers to the material that is the object of thought or discourse: "This distinction seems to me to go to the root of the matter" (William James).
A topic is a subject of discussion, argument, or conversation: "They would talk of . . . fashionable topics, such as pictures, taste, Shakespeare" (Oliver Goldsmith).
Theme refers especially to an idea, a point of view, or a perception that is developed and expanded on in a work of art: "To produce a mighty book, you must choose a mighty theme" (Herman Melville). See Also Synonyms at citizen, dependent.
1315, "person under control or dominion of another," from O.Fr. suget, subget "a subject person or thing" (12c.), from L. subjectus, noun use of pp. of subicere "to place under," from sub "under" + combining form of jacere "to throw." In 14c., sugges, sogetis, subgit, sugette; form re-Latinized in Eng. 16c. Meaning "person or thing that may be acted upon" is recorded from 1592. Meaning "subject matter of an art or science" is attested from 1541, probably short for subject matter (c.1374), which is from M.L. subjecta materia, a loan translation of Gk. hypokeimene hyle (Aristotle), lit. "that which lies beneath." Likewise some specific uses in logic and philosophy are borrowed directly from L. subjectum "foundation or subject of a proposition," a loan-translation of Aristotle's to hypokeimenon. Grammatical sense is recorded from c.1638. The adj. is attested from c.1330. Subjective "existing in the mind" is from 1707.
1382, "to make (a person or nation) subject to another by force," also "to render submissive or dependent," from L. subjectare, from the root of subject (n.). Meaning "to lay open or expose to (some force or occurrence)" is recorded from 1549.
possibly accepting or permitting; "a passage capable of misinterpretation"; "open to interpretation"; "an issue open to question"; "the time is fixed by the director and players and therefore subject to much variation" [syn: capable]
2.
being under the power or sovereignty of another or others; "subject peoples"; "a dependent prince"
3.
likely to be affected by something; "the bond is subject to taxation"; "he is subject to fits of depression"
noun
1.
the subject matter of a conversation or discussion; "he didn't want to discuss that subject"; "it was a very sensitive topic"; "his letters were always on the theme of love"
2.
something (a person or object or scene) selected by an artist or photographer for graphic representation; "a moving picture of a train is more dramatic than a still picture of the same subject"
3.
a branch of knowledge; "in what discipline is his doctorate?"; "teachers should be well trained in their subject"; "anthropology is the study of human beings" [syn: discipline]
4.
some situation or event that is thought about; "he kept drifting off the topic"; "he had been thinking about the subject for several years"; "it is a matter for the police" [syn: topic]
5.
(grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated
6.
a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation; "the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly"; "the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities"
7.
a person who owes allegiance to that nation; "a monarch has a duty to his subjects" [syn: national]
8.
(logic) the first term of a proposition
verb
1.
cause to experience or suffer or make liable or vulnerable to; "He subjected me to his awful poetry"; "The sergeant subjected the new recruits to many drills"; "People in Chernobyl were subjected to radiation"
2.
make accountable for; "He did not want to subject himself to the judgments of his superiors"
3.
make subservient; force to submit or subdue [syn: subjugate]
4.
refer for judgment or consideration; "The lawyers submitted the material to the court" [syn: submit]
(of countries etc) not independent, but dominated by another power Example: subject nations
Arabic:
خاضِع
Chinese (Simplified):
从属的（国家等），未独立的
Chinese (Traditional):
從屬的(國家等)，未獨立的
Czech:
poddaný, závislý
Danish:
underlagt
Dutch:
onderworpen
Estonian:
alluv, allutatud
Finnish:
alamais-
French:
assujetti
German:
abhängig
Greek:
υποτελής
Hungarian:
alávetett, függő
Icelandic:
undirokaður; ósjálfstæður
Indonesian:
terjajah
Italian:
sottomesso
Japanese:
従属する
Korean:
종속하는, (…의) 지배［통치］를 받는
Latvian:
pakļauts; atkarīgs
Lithuanian:
pavergtas
Norwegian:
underlagt, uselvstendig
Polish:
podbity, podległy
Portuguese (Brazil):
subjugado
Portuguese (Portugal):
dominado
Romanian:
supus
Russian:
зависимый
Slovak:
poddaný, závislý
Slovenian:
podrejen
Spanish:
dominado, subyugado
Swedish:
underlydande
Turkish:
bağımlı
subject1[ˈsabdʒikt]noun
a person who is under the rule of a monarch or a member of a country that has a monarchy etc Example: We are loyal subjects of the Queen; He is a British subject.
Arabic:
رَعِيَّه
Chinese (Simplified):
臣民
Chinese (Traditional):
臣民
Czech:
poddaný, -á
Danish:
undersåt
Dutch:
onderdaan
Estonian:
(riigi)alam
Finnish:
kansalainen
French:
sujet, *-ette
German:
der, *die Untertan(in)
Greek:
υπήκοος
Hungarian:
alattvaló
Icelandic:
þegn
Indonesian:
rakyat
Italian:
suddito
Japanese:
臣民
Korean:
신하
Latvian:
pavalstnieks
Lithuanian:
valdinys, pilietis
Norwegian:
statsborger, undersått
Polish:
poddany
Portuguese (Brazil):
súdito
Portuguese (Portugal):
súbdito
Romanian:
supus
Russian:
подданный
Slovak:
poddaný, -á; občan, občianka
Slovenian:
podložnik
Spanish:
súbdito
Swedish:
undersåte, medborgare
Turkish:
uyruk, vatandaş
subject2[ˈsabdʒikt]noun
someone or something that is talked about, written about etc Example: We discussed the price of food and similar subjects; What was the subject of the debate?; The teacher tried to think of a good subject for their essay; I've said all I can on that subject.
Arabic:
مَوضوع للبَحْث
Chinese (Simplified):
题目
Chinese (Traditional):
題目
Czech:
téma
Danish:
emne
Dutch:
onderwerp
Estonian:
teema, sisu
Finnish:
aihe
French:
sujet
German:
der Gegenstad
Greek:
θέμα
Hungarian:
téma
Icelandic:
(mál)efni, viðfang
Indonesian:
bahan percakapan
Italian:
soggetto, argomento
Japanese:
主題
Korean:
(토론·연구 등의) 대상자; 주제
Latvian:
temats; jautājums
Lithuanian:
tema, dalykas
Norwegian:
emne, tema
Polish:
temat
Portuguese (Brazil):
assunto
Portuguese (Portugal):
assunto
Romanian:
subiect
Russian:
тема
Slovak:
téma
Slovenian:
tema
Spanish:
tema, asunto
Swedish:
ämne
Turkish:
konu
subject3[ˈsabdʒikt]noun
a branch of study or learning in school, university etc Example: He is taking exams in seven subjects; Mathematics is his best subject.
Arabic:
مَوضوع تَعْليمي
Chinese (Simplified):
科目
Chinese (Traditional):
科目
Czech:
předmět
Danish:
fag
Dutch:
vak
Estonian:
õppeaine
Finnish:
aine
French:
matière
German:
das Fach
Greek:
μάθημα
Hungarian:
(tan)tárgy
Icelandic:
námsgrein
Indonesian:
mata pelajaran
Italian:
materia
Japanese:
科目
Korean:
교과, 과목
Latvian:
mācību priekšmets; disciplīna
Lithuanian:
dalykas, disciplina
Norwegian:
fag; disiplin
Polish:
przedmiot
Portuguese (Brazil):
matéria
Portuguese (Portugal):
disciplina
Romanian:
materie
Russian:
предмет; дисциплина
Slovak:
predmet
Slovenian:
predmet
Spanish:
asignatura
Swedish:
skolämne
Turkish:
ders
subject4[ˈsabdʒikt]noun
a thing, person or circumstance suitable for, or requiring, a particular kind of treatment, reaction etc Example: I don't think her behaviour is a subject for laughter.
Arabic:
مَوضوع ، شَيء
Chinese (Simplified):
原因
Chinese (Traditional):
原因
Czech:
důvod
Danish:
genstand
Dutch:
voorwerp
Estonian:
asi, objekt
Finnish:
kohde
French:
sujet (de)
German:
der Gegenstand
Greek:
αντικείμενο(συζήτησης κτλ.)
Hungarian:
téma
Icelandic:
tilefni, ástæða
Indonesian:
sasaran
Italian:
motivo
Japanese:
対象
Korean:
주인(主因), 근거
Latvian:
objekts; iemesls
Lithuanian:
objektas, pagrindas
Norwegian:
emne, gjenstand
Polish:
przedmiot
Portuguese (Brazil):
motivo, tema
Portuguese (Portugal):
motivo
Romanian:
subiect (de)
Russian:
повод
Slovak:
dôvod
Slovenian:
vzrok
Spanish:
motivo
Swedish:
föremål
Turkish:
neden, sebep
subject5[ˈsabdʒikt]noun
in English, the word(s) representing the person or thing that usually does the action shown by the verb, and with which the verb agrees Example: The cat sat on the mat; He hit her because she broke his toy; He was hit by the ball.
Arabic:
مُبْتدأ الجُمْلَه، فاعِل، المُسْنَد إليْهِ
Chinese (Simplified):
主语
Chinese (Traditional):
主語
Czech:
podmět
Danish:
subjekt; grundled
Dutch:
onderwerp
Estonian:
alus
Finnish:
subjekti
French:
sujet
German:
das Subjekt
Greek:
υποκείμενο (γραμμ.)
Hungarian:
alany
Icelandic:
frumlag
Indonesian:
subyek
Italian:
soggetto
Japanese:
主語
Korean:
주어, 주부(主部)
Latvian:
teikuma priekšmets
Lithuanian:
veiksnys
Norwegian:
subjekt
Polish:
podmiot
Portuguese (Brazil):
sujeito
Portuguese (Portugal):
sujeito
Romanian:
subiect
Russian:
подлежащее
Slovak:
podmet
Slovenian:
osebek
Spanish:
sujeto
Swedish:
subjekt
Turkish:
özne
subject1[ˈsabdʒiktsəbˈdʒekt]verb
to bring (a person, country etc) under control Example: They have subjected all the neighbouring states (to their rule).
Arabic:
يُخْضِع
Chinese (Simplified):
使服从，征服
Chinese (Traditional):
使服從，征服
Czech:
podrobit si
Danish:
underlægge
Dutch:
onderwerpen
Estonian:
(oma) kontrolli alla võtma
Finnish:
alistaa valtaansa
French:
assujettir
German:
unterwerfen
Greek:
υποτάσσω
Hungarian:
leigáz
Icelandic:
ná valdi yfir, undiroka
Indonesian:
menguasai
Italian:
assoggettare, sottomettere
Japanese:
服従させる
Korean:
…을 종속시키다, 지배하다
Latvian:
pakļaut; paverdzināt
Lithuanian:
pajungti, pavergti
Norwegian:
underkaste
Polish:
podporządkować sobie
Portuguese (Brazil):
subjugar
Portuguese (Portugal):
submeter
Romanian:
a supune
Russian:
подчинять
Slovak:
podrobiť si
Slovenian:
podvreči
Spanish:
dominar, subyugar
Swedish:
underkuva, betvinga
Turkish:
boyun eğdirmek
subject2[ˈsabdʒiktsəbˈdʒekt]verb
to cause to suffer, or submit (to something) Example: He was subjected to cruel treatment; These tyres are subjected to various tests before leaving the factory.
A part of every sentence. The subject tells what the sentence is about; it contains the main noun or noun phrase: “The car crashed into the railing”; “Judy and two of her friends were elected to the National Honor Society.” In some cases the subject is implied: you is the implied subject in “Get me some orange juice.” (Comparepredicate.)
Main Entry: sub·ject Pronunciation: 's&b-jikt Function: noun 1: an individual whose reactions or responses are studied 2: a dead body for anatomical study and dissection
Main Entry: sub·ject Pronunciation: 's&b-"jekt Function: noun : the person upon whose life a life insurance policy is written and upon whose death the
policy is payable :INSURED —compare BENEFICIARY
b, POLICYHOLDER
subjectprogramming In subject-oriented programming, a subject is a collection of classes or class fragments whose class hierarchy models its domain in its own, subjective way. A subject may be a complete application in itself, or it may be an incomplete fragment that must be composed with other subjects to produce a complete application. Subject composition combines class hierarchies to produce new subjects that incorporate functionality from existing subjects. (1999-08-31)
Li"a*ble\ (l[imac]"[.a]*b'l), a. [From F. lier to bind, L. ligare. Cf. Ally, v. t., Ligature.]1. Bound or obliged in law or equity; responsible; answerable; as, the surety is liable for the debt of his principal. 2. Exposed to a certain contingency or casualty, more or less probable; -- with to and an infinitive or noun; as, liable to slip; liable to accident. Syn: Accountable; responsible; answerable; bound; subject; obnoxious; exposed. Usage: Liable, Subject. Liable refers to a future possible or probable happening which may not actually occur; as, horses are liable to slip; even the sagacious are liable to make mistakes. Subject refers to any actual state or condition belonging to the nature or circumstances of the person or thing spoken of, or to that which often befalls one. One whose father was subject to attacks of the gout is himself liable to have that disease. Men are constantly subject to the law, but liable to suffer by its infraction. Proudly secure, yet liable to fall. --Milton. All human things are subject to decay. --Dryden.
Sub*ject"\, a. [OE. suget, OF. souzget, sougit (in which the first part is L. subtus below, fr. sub under), subgiet, subject, F. sujet, from L. subjectus lying under, subjected, p. p. of subjicere, subicere, to throw, lay, place, or bring under; sub under + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]1. Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation. [Obs.] --Spenser. 2. Placed under the power of another; specifically (International Law), owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state; as, Jamaica is subject to Great Britain. Esau was never subject to Jacob. --Locke. 3. Exposed; liable; prone; disposed; as, a country subject to extreme heat; men subject to temptation. All human things are subject to decay. --Dryden. 4. Obedient; submissive. Put them in mind to be subject to principalities. --Titus iii. 1. Syn: Liable; subordinate; inferior; obnoxious; exposed. See Liable.
Sub*ject"\, n. [From L. subjectus, through an old form of F. sujet. See Subject, a.]1. That which is placed under the authority, dominion, control, or influence of something else. 2. Specifically: One who is under the authority of a ruler and is governed by his laws; one who owes allegiance to a sovereign or a sovereign state; as, a subject of Queen Victoria; a British subject; a subject of the United States. Was never subject longed to be a king, As I do long and wish to be a subject. --Shak. The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, human laws require it. --Swift. Note: In international law, the term subject is convertible with citizen. 3. That which is subjected, or submitted to, any physical operation or process; specifically (Anat.), a dead body used for the purpose of dissection. 4. That which is brought under thought or examination; that which is taken up for discussion, or concerning which anything is said or done. "This subject for heroic song." --Milton. Make choice of a subject, beautiful and noble, which . . . shall afford an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate. --Dryden. The unhappy subject of these quarrels. --Shak. 5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece; the chief character. Writers of particular lives . . . are apt to be prejudiced in favor of their subject. --C. Middleton. 6. (Logic & Gram.) That of which anything is affirmed or predicated; the theme of a proposition or discourse; that which is spoken of; as, the nominative case is the subject of the verb. The subject of a proposition is that concerning which anything is affirmed or denied. --I. Watts. 7. That in which any quality, attribute, or relation, whether spiritual or material, inheres, or to which any of these appertain; substance; substratum. That which manifests its qualities -- in other words, that in which the appearing causes inhere, that to which they belong -- is called their subject or substance, or substratum. --Sir W. Hamilton. 8. Hence, that substance or being which is conscious of its own operations; the mind; the thinking agent or principal; the ego. Cf. Object, n., 2. The philosophers of mind have, in a manner, usurped and appropriated this expression to themselves. Accordingly, in their hands, the phrases conscious or thinking subject, and subject, mean precisely the same thing. --Sir W. Hamilton. 9. (Mus.) The principal theme, or leading thought or phrase, on which a composition or a movement is based. The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song. --Rockstro. 10. (Fine Arts) The incident, scene, figure, group, etc., which it is the aim of the artist to represent.
Sub*ject"\, n. [From L. subjectus, through an old form of F. sujet. See Subject, a.]1. That which is placed under the authority, dominion, control, or influence of something else. 2. Specifically: One who is under the authority of a ruler and is governed by his laws; one who owes allegiance to a sovereign or a sovereign state; as, a subject of Queen Victoria; a British subject; a subject of the United States. Was never subject longed to be a king, As I do long and wish to be a subject. --Shak. The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, human laws require it. --Swift. Note: In international law, the term subject is convertible with citizen. 3. That which is subjected, or submitted to, any physical operation or process; specifically (Anat.), a dead body used for the purpose of dissection. 4. That which is brought under thought or examination; that which is taken up for discussion, or concerning which anything is said or done. "This subject for heroic song." --Milton. Make choice of a subject, beautiful and noble, which . . . shall afford an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate. --Dryden. The unhappy subject of these quarrels. --Shak. 5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece; the chief character. Writers of particular lives . . . are apt to be prejudiced in favor of their subject. --C. Middleton. 6. (Logic & Gram.) That of which anything is affirmed or predicated; the theme of a proposition or discourse; that which is spoken of; as, the nominative case is the subject of the verb. The subject of a proposition is that concerning which anything is affirmed or denied. --I. Watts. 7. That in which any quality, attribute, or relation, whether spiritual or material, inheres, or to which any of these appertain; substance; substratum. That which manifests its qualities -- in other words, that in which the appearing causes inhere, that to which they belong -- is called their subject or substance, or substratum. --Sir W. Hamilton. 8. Hence, that substance or being which is conscious of its own operations; the mind; the thinking agent or principal; the ego. Cf. Object, n., 2. The philosophers of mind have, in a manner, usurped and appropriated this expression to themselves. Accordingly, in their hands, the phrases conscious or thinking subject, and subject, mean precisely the same thing. --Sir W. Hamilton. 9. (Mus.) The principal theme, or leading thought or phrase, on which a composition or a movement is based. The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song. --Rockstro. 10. (Fine Arts) The incident, scene, figure, group, etc., which it is the aim of the artist to represent.
Sub*ject"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjected; p. pr. & vb. n. Subjecting.]1. To bring under control, power, or dominion; to make subject; to subordinate; to subdue. Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification of sense to the rule of right reason. --C. Middleton. In one short view subjected to our eye, Gods, emperors, heroes, sages, beauties, lie. --Pope. He is the most subjected, the most ?nslaved, who is so in his understanding. --Locke. 2. To expose; to make obnoxious or liable; as, credulity subjects a person to impositions. 3. To submit; to make accountable. God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to the scrutiny of our thoughts. --Locke. 4. To make subservient. Subjected to his service angel wings. --Milton. 5. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat; to subject a person to a rigid test.
Sub*jec"tion\, n. [L. subjectio: cf. OF. subjection, F. subj['e]tion. See Subject, a.]1. The act of subjecting, or of bringing under the dominion of another; the act of subduing. The conquest of the kingdom, and subjection of the rebels. --Sir M. Hale. 2. The state of being subject, or under the power, control, and government of another; a state of obedience or submissiveness; as, the safety of life, liberty, and property depends on our subjection to the laws. "To be bound under subjection." --Chaucer. Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands. --1 Peter iii. 1. Because the subjection of the body to the will is by natural necessity, the subjection of the will unto God voluntary, we stand in need of direction after what sort our wills and desires may be rightly conformed to His. --Hooker.
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Audio Help [n., adj. suhb-jikt; v. suh
