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sugar

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sug⋅ar

  [shoog-er]
Use sugar in a Sentence
–noun
1. a sweet, crystalline substance, C1 2H2 2O1 1, obtained chiefly from the juice of the sugarcane and the sugar beet, and present in sorghum, maple sap, etc.: used extensively as an ingredient and flavoring of certain foods and as a fermenting agent in the manufacture of certain alcoholic beverages; sucrose. Compare beet sugar, cane sugar.
2. Chemistry. a member of the same class of carbohydrates, as lactose, glucose, or fructose.
3. (sometimes initial capital letter) an affectionate or familiar term of address (sometimes offensive when used to strangers, casual acquaintances, subordinates, etc., esp. by a male to a female).
4. a word formerly used in communications to represent the letter S.
5. Slang. money.
6. Slang. LSD
–verb (used with object)
7. to cover, sprinkle, mix, or sweeten with sugar.
8. to make agreeable.
–verb (used without object)
9. to form sugar or sugar crystals.
10. to make maple sugar.
—Verb phrase
11. sugar off, (in making maple sugar) to complete the boiling down of the syrup in preparation for granulation.
Origin:
1250–1300; ME sugre, sucre (n.) < MF sucre < ML succārum < It zucchero < Ar sukkar; obscurely akin to Pers shakar, Gk sákcharon (see sacchar- )

Related forms:
sug⋅ar⋅less, adjective
sug⋅ar⋅like, adjective
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2009.
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sug·ar   (shŏŏg'ər)   
n.  

  1. A sweet crystalline or powdered substance, white when pure, consisting of sucrose obtained mainly from sugar cane and sugar beets and used in many foods, drinks, and medicines to improve their taste. Also called table sugar.

  2. Any of a class of water-soluble crystalline carbohydrates, including sucrose and lactose, having a characteristically sweet taste and classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides.

  3. A unit, such as a lump or cube, in which sugar is dispensed or taken.

  4. Slang Sweetheart. Used as a term of endearment.

v.   sug·ared, sug·ar·ing, sug·ars

v.   tr.

  1. To coat, cover, or sweeten with sugar.

  2. To make less distasteful or more appealing.

v.   intr.

  1. To form sugar.

  2. To form granules; granulate.

  3. To make sugar or syrup from sugar maple sap. Often used with off.


[Middle English sugre, from Old French sukere, from Medieval Latin succārum, from Old Italian zucchero, from Arabic sukkar, from Persian shakar, from Sanskrit śarkarā, grit, ground sugar.]
sug'ar·er n.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2009 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Word Origin & History

sugar 
c.1289, from O.Fr. sucre "sugar" (12c.), from M.L. succarum, from Arabic sukkar, from Pers. shakar, from Skt. sharkara "ground or candied sugar," originally "grit, gravel" (cognate with Gk. kroke "pebble"). The Arabic word also was borrowed in It. (zucchero), Sp. (azucar), and O.H.G. (zucura, Ger. Zucker), and its forms are represented in most European languages (cf. Serb. cukar, Pol. cukier, Rus. sakhar). Its Old World home was India (Alexander the Great's companions marveled at the "honey without bees") and it remained exotic in Europe until the Arabs began to cultivate it in Sicily and Spain; not until after the Crusades did it begin to rival honey as the West's sweetener. The Spaniards in the West Indies began raising sugar cane in 1506; first grown in Cuba 1523; first cultivated in Brazil 1532. The -g- in the Eng. form cannot be accounted for. The pronunciation shift from s- to sh- is probably from the initial long vowel sound syu- (as in sure). Slang "euphemistic substitute for an imprecation" [OED] is attested from 1891. As a term of endearment, first recorded 1930. Sugar maple is from 1753; sugar-plum is from 1608; sugar-daddy "elderly man who lavishes gifts on a young woman" first recorded 1926. Sugar coat (v.) "make more palatable" is from 1870. Sugar plum "small round candy" is from 1668. Sugar loaf was originally a moulded conical mass of refined sugar (1422); they're now obsolete, but sense extended 17c. to hills, hats, etc. of that shape.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2001 Douglas Harper
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Medical Dictionary

Main Entry: sug·ar
Pronunciation: 'shug-&r
Function: noun
1 : a sweet crystallizable substance that consists chiefly of sucrose, iscolorless or white when pure and tending to brown when less refined, is obtained commercially from sugarcane or sugar beet and less extensively from sorghum, maples, and palms, and is important as asource of dietary carbohydrate and as a sweetener and preservative for other foods and for drugs and in the chemical industry as an intermediate
2 : any of various water-solublecompounds that vary widely in sweetness and comprise the oligosaccharides including sucrose
Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, © 2002 Merriam-Webster, Inc.
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Medical Dictionary

sugar sug·ar (sh&oobreve;g'ər)
n.

  1. A crystalline or powdered substance consisting of sucrose obtained mainly from sugar cane and sugar beets and used in many medicines to improve their taste.

  2. Any of a class of water-soluble crystalline carbohydrates, including sucrose and lactose, having a characteristically sweet taste and classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides.

The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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Computing Dictionary

SUGAR
A simple lazy functional language designed at Westfield College, University of London, UK and used in Principles of Functional Programming, Hugh Glaser et al, P-H 1984.
(1994-12-01)

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, © 1993-2007 Denis Howe
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