a rule of transformational grammar that shifts the subject or object of an embedded clause into the subject or object position of the main clause, as in the derivation of The suspect appears to be innocent from It appears that the suspect is innocent.
[Origin: 1150–1200; ME reisen (v.) < Scand (cf. ON reisa); cf. also Goth -raisjan (causative v. formed on Gmc base of OE rīsan to rise), OE rǣran to rear2]
—Related forms
rais·a·ble, raise·a·ble, adjective
raiser, noun
—Synonyms 1, 2. loft. Raise,lift,heave,hoist imply bringing something up above its original position. Raise, the most general word, may mean to bring something to or toward an upright position with one end resting on the ground; or it may be used in the sense of lift, moving an object a comparatively short distance upward but breaking completely its physical contact with the place where it had been: to raise a ladder; to raise (lift) a package.Heave implies lifting with effort or exertion: to heave a huge box onto a truck. Hoist implies lifting slowly and gradually something of considerable weight, usually with mechanical help, such as given by a crane or derrick: to hoist steel beams to the top of the framework of a building. 3. arouse, awaken. 4. construct, rear. 7. cultivate. 9. originate, produce, effect. 13. excite. 14. invigorate, inspirit. 15. elevate, promote, exalt. 17. heighten, enlarge. 18. amplify, augment.
—Antonyms 1. lower.
—Usage note Raise and rise are similar in form and meaning but different in grammatical use. Raise is the causative of rise; to raise something is to cause it to rise.Raise is almost always used transitively. Its forms are regular: Raise the window. The flag had been raised before we arrived. Raise in the intransitive sense “to rise up, arise” is nonstandard: Dough raises better when the temperature is warm. Rise is almost exclusively intransitive in its standard uses. Its forms are irregular: My husband usually rises before seven. The earliest I have ever risen is eight. The sun rose in a cloudless sky. The dough is rising now. Both raise and rear are used in the United States to refer to the upbringing of children. Although raise was formerly condemned in this sense (“You raise hogs but you rear children”), it is now standard. In American English, a person receives a raise in salary. In British English it is a rise.
To move to a higher position; elevate: raised the loads with a crane. See Synonyms at lift.
To set in an upright or erect position: raise a flagpole.
To erect or build: raise a new building.
To cause to arise, appear, or exist: The slap raised a welt.
To increase in size, quantity, or worth: raise an employee's salary.
To increase in intensity, degree, strength, or pitch: raised his voice.
To improve in rank or dignity; promote: raised her to management level.
To grow, especially in quantity; cultivate: raise corn and soybeans.
To breed and care for to maturity: raise cattle.
To bring up; rear: raise children.
To accustom to something from an early age: "Such amenities are ... meant to make churchgoing attractive to a post-World War II generation raised on shopping malls and multiplex cinemas"(Gustav Niebuhr).
To awaken; arouse: noise that would raise the dead.
To stir up; instigate: raise a revolt.
To bring about; provoke: remarks intended to raise a laugh.
To increase (a poker bet).
To bet more than (a preceding bettor in poker).
To increase the bid of (one's bridge partner).
To put forward for consideration: raised an important question. See Synonyms at broach1.
To voice; utter: raise a shout.
To awaken; arouse: noise that would raise the dead.
To stir up; instigate: raise a revolt.
To bring about; provoke: remarks intended to raise a laugh.
To increase (a poker bet).
To bet more than (a preceding bettor in poker).
To increase the bid of (one's bridge partner).
To make contact with by radio: couldn't raise the control tower after midnight.
To gather together; collect: raise money from the neighbors for a charity.
To cause (dough) to puff up.
To end (a siege) by withdrawing troops or forcing the enemy troops to withdraw.
To remove or withdraw (an order).
Games
To increase (a poker bet).
To bet more than (a preceding bettor in poker).
To increase the bid of (one's bridge partner).
Nautical To bring into sight by approaching nearer: raised the Cape.
To alter and increase fraudulently the written value of (a check, for example).
To cough up (phlegm).
Scots To make angry; enrage.
v.
intr.Games
To increase a poker bet or a bridge bid.
n.
The act of raising or increasing.
An increase in salary.
[Middle English raisen, from Old Norse reisa; see er-1 in Indo-European roots.]
increasing in quantity or value; "a cost-raising increase in the basic wage rate"
noun
1.
the event of something being raised upward; "an elevation of the temperature in the afternoon"; "a raising of the land resulting from volcanic activity" [syn: elevation]
2.
the properties acquired as a consequence of the way you were treated as a child
3.
helping someone grow up to be an accepted member of the community; "they debated whether nature or nurture was more important" [syn: breeding]
Raise\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raised; p. pr. & vb. n. Raising.] [OE. reisen, Icel. reisa, causative of r[=i]sa to rise. See Rise, and cf. Rear to raise.]1. To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a higher place; to lift upward; to elevate; to heave; as, to raise a stone or weight. Hence, figuratively: (a) To bring to a higher condition or situation; to elevate in rank, dignity, and the like; to increase the value or estimation of; to promote; to exalt; to advance; to enhance; as, to raise from a low estate; to raise to office; to raise the price, and the like. This gentleman came to be raised to great titles. --Clarendon. The plate pieces of eight were raised three pence in the piece. --Sir W. Temple. (b) To increase the strength, vigor, or vehemence of; to excite; to intensify; to invigorate; to heighten; as, to raise the pulse; to raise the voice; to raise the spirits or the courage; to raise the heat of a furnace. (c) To elevate in degree according to some scale; as, to raise the pitch of the voice; to raise the temperature of a room. 2. To cause to rise up, or assume an erect position or posture; to set up; to make upright; as, to raise a mast or flagstaff. Hence: (a) To cause to spring up from recumbent position, from a state of quiet, or the like; to awaken; to arouse. They shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep. --Job xiv. 12. (b) To rouse to action; to stir up; to incite to tumult, struggle, or war; to excite. He commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind. --Ps. cvii. 25. [AE]neas . . . employs his pains, In parts remote, to raise the Tuscan swains. --Dryden. (c) To bring up from the lower world; to call up, as a spirit from the world of spirits; to recall from death; to give life to. Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should raise the dead ? --Acts xxvi. 8. 3. To cause to arise, grow up, or come into being or to appear; to give to; to originate, produce, cause, effect, or the like. Hence, specifically: (a) To form by the accumulation of materials or constituent parts; to build up; to erect; as, to raise a lofty structure, a wall, a heap of stones. I will raise forts against thee. --Isa. xxxix. 3. (b) To bring together; to collect; to levy; to get together or obtain for use or service; as, to raise money, troops, and the like. "To raise up a rent." --Chaucer. (c) To cause to grow; to procure to be produced, bred, or propagated; to grow; as, to raise corn, barley, hops, etc.; toraise cattle. "He raised sheep." "He raised wheat where none grew before." --Johnson's Dict. Note: In some parts of the United States, notably in the Southern States, raise in also commonly applied to the rearing or bringing up of children. I was raised, as they say in Virginia, among the mountains of the North. --Paulding. (d) To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or appear; -- often with up. I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee. --Deut. xviii. 18. God vouchsafes to raise another world From him [Noah], and all his anger to forget. --Milton. (e) To give rise to; to set agoing; to occasion; to start; to originate; as, to raise a smile or a blush. Thou shalt not raise a false report. --Ex. xxiii. 1. (f) To give vent or utterance to; to utter; to strike up. Soon as the prince appears, they raise a cry. --Dryden. (g) To bring to notice; to submit for consideration; as, to raise a point of order; to raise an objection. 4. To cause to rise, as by the effect of leaven; to make light and spongy, as bread. Miss Liddy can dance a jig, and raise paste. --Spectator. 5. (Naut.) (a) To cause (the land or any other object) to seem higher by drawing nearer to it; as, to raise Sandy Hook light. (b) To let go; as in the command, Raise tacks and sheets, i. e., Let go tacks and sheets. 6. (Law) To create or constitute; as, to raise a use that is, to create it. --Burrill. To raise a blockade (Mil.), to remove or break up a blockade, either by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or dispersing them. To raise a check, note, bill of exchange, etc., to increase fraudulently its nominal value by changing the writing, figures, or printing in which the sum payable is specified. To raise a siege, to relinquish an attempt to take a place by besieging it, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished. To raise steam, to produce steam of a required pressure. To raise the wind, to procure ready money by some temporary expedient. [Colloq.] To raise Cain, or To raise the devil, to cause a great disturbance; to make great trouble. [Slang] Syn: To lift; exalt; elevate; erect; originate; cause; produce; grow; heighten; aggravate; excite.
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